Steply

Negate there exists x such that x^2 = 4

Step by step, with the reason for every step · Negating with quantifiers · Discrete Math

Step by step

The question

Question: write the opposite of ∃x (x² = 4).

∃x (x2 = 4)

The backwards E means: there is some.

∀ = for every
∃ = there is some

1 Put not in front

The opposite of a statement: we put not in front of all of it.

Now we move the not inside, one piece at a time.

= ¬∃x (x2 = 4)

2 Move the not inside

There is no x means: for every x, it fails.

So ¬∃ becomes ∀¬.

≡ ∀x ¬(x2 = 4)
¬∃ = ∀¬

Careful!

There is none means every one fails, not just one.

Careful: not ∃x ¬(x² = 4) ✗

3 Turn the inside around

The opposite of x² = 4 is x² ≠ 4.

≡ ∀x (x2 ≠ 4)
¬(a = b) is a ≠ b

4 Say it in words

In words: for every x, with x² ≠ 4.

= for every x: x² ≠ 4

5 Check

Let's check with x = 3.

The first inside: 9 = 4, that is false.

x = 3: x2 = 4 gives 9 = 4: F

The new inside: 9 ≠ 4, that is true.

One true, one false: opposite, as they must be.

Right!

x = 3: x2 ≠ 4 gives 9 ≠ 4: T

Let's look back.

First: put not in front.

Then: move the not inside.

Then: turn the inside around.

Then: say it in words.

Last: check.

Answer
¬(a = b) is a ≠ b

Your turn

Try this one yourself, then check:

Write the opposite of ∃x (x2 ≥ 2)
Show the answer
∀x (x² < 2)

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